Childrens Stories Of The Nineteenth Century English Literature Essay

Childrens Stories Of The Nineteenth Century English Literature Essay memorable adventures that remain popular today. Children continue to feel the heartaches of heroines such as Jo March in Louisa May Alcotts Little Women -which has never gone out of print, (Watson, 2009, p13) and eagerly turn the pages of Robert Louis Stevensons colonialist Treasure Island to read about Jims adventures and bravery. Yet these seemingly fun-filled Bildungsroman stories are reliant upon a value-system delineated by patriarchal constructions of gendered social roles of the late nineteenth century in which they were written. Both novels overtly indicate that in order to achieve personal value or capital (and thus maturity), the boy and girls of these stories are expected to succumb to the social expectations defined by their respective genders, ultimately replacing their juvenile freedom with responsibility and obligation. Consequently, for the purpose of this essay, fatherhood has been interpreted as influential masculine authority that invests both guidance and support in achieving this maturity. These depictions will be compared and contrasted in an attempt to argue that despite absent fathers, seemingly opposite contexts, perspectives and heavily gendered ideals, these novels both depict fatherhoods that challenge the gendered assumptions and values underpinning the imperial beliefs and identities .. of this period (Montgomery, 2009,p108.) Whilst seek(ing) to empower young readers to become active agents of future change'(Sambell, Reader 2, p.386) by challenging the apparent flight from domesticity (Tosh, 1999,p4)of the time. Little Women and Treasure Island stand at the threshold of changing notions about childhood (and consequent changes in childrens literature), between more didactic literature from earlier in the century, and the more purely amusing literature written later. Little Women, focusing on four sisters in a middle-class New England domestic setting, gives particular insight into the changing position of fatherhood to girls and women in American Civil War society, whilst Treasure Island forefronts an imperial masculine identity aimed towards British boys in the height of colonial expansion (Montgomery, 2009,p74). These differing contexts are crucial to consider as they serve as a frame by which the child, and (importantly) parent, reader would interpret the authors messages and ideals of fatherhood, and ultimately contributed to their success. The comparison of the depictions of fatherhood will begin by analysing Alcotts portrayal of key father-figures within Little Women, followed by a comp arative study of fatherhood issues addressed in Treasure island. The March family, with their initially absent father, portrays a female-dominated domestic world in which men, including Laurie, Mr. Lawrence, publishers, suitors, and even Mr. March, play second fiddle. However, the patriarchal society of the time dictate that, just as Jim Hawkins journey towards accruing capital must be initiated by an investment of masculine capital, the lessons of domestic virtue within Little Women are always framed within the context of physically or ethereally present father-figures. Mr. Marchs letter sparks his daughters journeys toward virtue in the novel and he is credited as the guiding source of Marmees goodness as well as providing the time frame for the first half of the book. When Jo questions her mother on how she learned to control her emotions, she turns to the example Mr. March set before her. She claims; He never loses patience, never doubts or complains, but always hopes, and works and waits so cheerfully that one is ashamed to do otherwise before him. He helped and comforted me, and showed me that I must try to practice all the virtues I would have my little girls possess, for I was their example. (p76) Through Alcotts use of heterodiegetic   narrative the reader is shown how each of her daughters strive to become the selfless, loving woman that Marmee represents, and by making Mr March the source of her goodness, Alcott attributes all moral authority and value to him. Alcott, through Mr March, constructed the home and Marmee herself, so that even when he is gone she remains behind, reinforcing the values of the patriarchal domestic authority her husband instilled within her. Alcott states (perhaps a little too earnestly) that despite the clear image of the five energetic women [who] seemed to rule the house (p229) he remains head of the family (p230) and the underlying source of social value and authority in the March family. These (frequent) explicit assertions of need for masculine validation and portrayal of domesticated manliness however, are in complete contrast to the image Alcott uses of his return as an invalid (p168)muffled up to the eyes'(p164). This broken man leaning on his wifes arm (Fetterley, p26), consigned to the library for the majority of the story, seemingly contradicts the very patriarchal assertions that Alcott loudly professes throughout. Similarly, as Fetterley asserts, Mr Marchs illness is consigned to the distant background and only vaguely referred to (ibid) instead hinting at a new form of patriarchal role-model; one that plays second fiddle to God and Mother (p181). Alcotts use of Intertextuality in the thematic elements of Pilgrims Progress woven throughout the plot reaffirm her religious ideologies and highlight the novels links to more didactic nature. Christian becomes a masculine authority of piety and perseverance to whom the March girls look for guidance and strength . Similarly, the March girls are repeatedly instructed to call upon their Heavenly Father to help them bear their burdens. The girls therefore have three ethereal masculine figures of moral authority steering them as they learn to fulfil their gendered roles: their father (in his absence), God, and Christian. When the girls need the physical presence of a man, they have Laurie: The girls describe Laurie as a remarkable boy (p278) whom they use as a standard to measure both other young men and their own behaviour; Angry Jos ill temper is highlighted when even good-natured Laurie had a quarrel with her (p104); Vain Meg first realises her misconduct through Lauries disapproval in Vanity Fair (p87); shy Beth is shown Laurie as a model of accomplishment without conceit (p67); and selfish Amy is saved from thin ice by his composure, from dull Aunt March by his ability to entertain, and from an unsuitable marriage by his reprimand (p74,180,397). Yet, despite this conformance to the conventional father role, the relationships also prove reciprocal as Laurie is also educated by the March girls:   It is Amy who urges Laurie to wake up and be a man (p384), Jo who manages his relationship with his grandfather (p198-203) and he himself credits them for a part of my education (p429) resulting in newly acquired manly virtues (p395.) This re-education of the male characters to conform with the female model that the women provide, along with Marmees pleas for the equal involvement of fatherhood in family life(p366), is put into increasingly successful practice by each of her sons-in-law. Fetterley describes how when Jo gets final father-figure, her big man or Papa Bhaer..her rebellion is neutralized (p29) and suggests Alcotts compliance with the gendered assumptions of fatherhood, yet once again there are clues that covertly challenge this view. Jo and Friedrich exhibit the most reformation of the traditional family in that Jo chooses the life work for herself and her partner, and provides the setting for their new school (Dalke, p563). She is financially independent and ultimately becomes responsible for educating boys. It is the opportunities provided by the strength and stability of the March matriarchy for reinventing manhood that lead the husbands, sons and fathers of Little Women to be re-educated by the women they love. Love which becomes, by the novels end, not the power play described by Fetterley, but rather an act performed mutually by both mothers and fathers to promote the reformation of a patriarchal society by beginning with the reformation of a single family. Like Little Women, Treasure Island can be read as a Bildungsroman, however in direct contrast it involves a rite of passage of Jim Hawkins predominately autodiegetic (retrospective) narration of his journey to maturity from which, as Stevenson notes, Women were excluded (xxvi) (with the exception of Jims mother and Captain Flint- who notably gets the last word in this masculine novel.) Whilst Little Women is saturated with figures of masculine authority and guidance, Treasure Island subjects its protagonist to little or no direct masculine, patriarchal authority as Jims father is fatally ill and soon dies. Yet, unlike Alcotts explicit portrayal of what the children should and should not be, the men Jim comes to admire are neither wholly good nor bad examples; they each contain traits Jim admires and traits he detests, and Jims achievement of independent mature identity lies in his own negotiation of father figures and rival male groupings, reaffirming the ideology of individualism (L oxley, p63) and, like Little Women, emphasising the authors belief in the need for change. In contrast to Mr March, Jims biological father is immediately portrayed as weak and lacking of authority. Jims lack of respect for this authority is demonstrated when he takes Billy Bones money to stand watch instead of helping his father as he should. Stevensons focalisation through young Jim (Montgomery,2009,p99) of his weak, poor father (p11) whose unhappy death (p10) was attributed to his terror (p10) heightens the sense of disappointment and serves to justify Jims delight in the company  of men as different from his father as he can find. Jims disappointment in the chicken-hearted men (p32) in town is also clear; none of whom offer to help his mother retrieve the money owed to  her (ibid) and it is instead left to a woman and a young boy. Stevensons choice of these weak male authorities suggests a failing  model of masculinity, frail in the threat of adversity. Jims father is unable to contend with the problems caused by the pirate; his son, and wife, however, can. In Jims quest  for self-definition it becomes clear that, from the start, Jim respects Long John Silver and prefers him to all other father-figures offered to him. Among the gentlemen, the Squire is too imperceptive and too gullible to carry sufficient moral authority, and too self-involved to be aware of Jims needs. Captain Smollet, from the start, establishes himself as stern and uncompromising. Only Dr Livesey shows any readiness to respond emotionally to Jim, as Sandison suggests, his confident authority (p55), innate compassion and demonstrable integrity (p56) set him up as an appropriate alternative moral authority (p57) but Stevenson questions this choice as a father-figure through his (pirate-like) mercenary pursuit of profit (Loxley, p75). Silvers clean and well-run inn, his  appearance, demeanour, and the obvious efficiency with which he   runs  his  establishment, clearly  impress  Jim and  immediately  contrasts are drawn  to  his biological fathers inability to run his own inn (ibid.) The connection between the two fathers is quickly established and continues when Silver almost immediately  takes on Jims education at the docks (p72-73,) more than we have been told Jims father ever bestowed upon his son. Stevenson differentiates Silver from other pirates such as Flint and Pew, who died a beggar-man (p106) by emphasising how he has a wife and has his money properly invested. Trelawney introduced him as a man of substance: he has a bankers account which has never been overdrawn (p69.) Silver, too, boasts about his financial success: I laid by nine hundred safe, from England, and two thousand after Flint à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ all safe in bank (p101). Silver has a keen eye for accounts and savings, jus t as those pillars of the community, the doctor and the squire, are eager to get their hands on pirate treasure. At odds with the increasingly industrial and imperial society in which Treasure Island was written, was the earlier notion that the domestic sphere . . . is integral to masculinity'(Tosh,1999,p4). In this romantic adventure-story filled with gentlemen, Stevenson leaves a lasting impression that the most admirable are: a boy of fourteen; whose actions from the start are driven by a wish to protect his mother and home, and a crippled pirate; the only married adult in the book besides Jims father. These characters operate in an absence of conventional nineteenth century acceptable masculinity, yet they affirm qualities ascribed to the gentleman as, first, a husband and a father. Stevensons critique of masculinity in the empire, lies in the depiction of Silver as paternal surrogate father to Jim. It is this non-biological redefinition of the father-son relationship in Treasure Island -which Stevenson wrote with input from his young stepson-that the strength of his argument lies. Stevenson seemingly blames the empire for the erosion of British fathers importance in their childrens lives. His juxtaposition of treasure-seeking pirates and gentlemen as potential fathers for Jim portrays scathing critiques of the types of men created by greed, capitalism, and colonialism, and highlights the need for the individual child to be cautious of false promises for adventure. By the end of the novel, Stevensons view of the British Victorian gentleman emerges as part pirate and part child, but most importantly, like the fathers of Little Women both committed to their roles in the family. Despite the obvious contrasts in technique, context, subject matter and style of fatherhoods depicted in Little Women and Treasure Island, similarities have been highlighted in the authors subversion of nineteenth century patriarchal ideals. Both texts have been shown to implicitly promote domesticity in their key father figures, whilst encouraging reformation of the traditional family model by rewarding individualism and therefore seek(ing) to empower young readers to become active agents of future change (Sambell, Reader 2,p.386.) Word Count 2198

Summary: Charitable Organization and British Way

A summary of the advert that beggars belief.The article â€Å"The advert that beggars belief† by Alexander Chancellor is about beggars in India and Great Britain, they talk about how many beggars there are and what they are using their money on when they get some. Many people try to convince themselves that it's a stupid idea to give beggars money because they use them quite often on many stupid things.Westminster Council making a campaign there says if you give beggars money you â€Å"actually† are guilty in cause of theirs death. It is a bad campaign because they give a wakeup call to people and says it is a bad thing to give money to beggars and you should not do it, because you don’t know what they are going to use their money on and if you do it you can cause their deaths. They call you to stop giving them money.Give an outline of the carious attitudes to charity as expressed in texts.The four texts show the different views of giving charity, there are many ways to donate money today, from when you give a coin to a beggar you see at the streets to send a text on your mobile phone to a charitable organization. The article â€Å"the advert that beggars belief† has a negative attitude to beggars, in Britain they don’t want to give beggars money because they says it can cause their lives because they use the money on drugs or something like that.In the article â€Å"Charity never dies, it only sleeps† we hear about the British way of thinking to improve our own and our families lives, it is best also to improve the lives of those around us. It is a conservative way to think everyone has to be equal. In the article â€Å"the year of charitainment† they talked about that there are so many charity organizations and you have to focus on one and that helps the famous people with, Angelina Jolie helps to focus on Sierra Leone.Comment on the following statement â€Å"to improve our own and our families’ lives, it is best also to improve the lives of those around us.†In the text â€Å"Charity never dies, it only sleeps† it is the British way of thinking: to improve our own and our families’ lives, it is best also to improve the lives of those around us. It is on way out of many to think that everyone has to be equal, there are many people there think of this, and many people think that you have to be selfish about this, and don’t give money to beggars.   

Voltaires Free Thought And Confucianism Analysis

People have many different ways of thinking, including those of Voltaires free thought and Confucius’ Confucianism. A mind can constantly search for another way to do things, as well as, follow a set path placed before the human eyes. Both, the free-thinking mindset used by Voltaire and the Confucianism mindset used by Confucius have advantages and weaknesses. Some of the ideas weaknesses are free thinking doesn’t have a central idea to focus on while Confucianism focuses heavily on one topic and can lose sight of what the main focus of the group was. Confucianism can restrict ideas and make it hard for a society to progress while in a free-thinking society it can be hard for ideas to meld together enough to allow the progression of†¦show more content†¦Starting with Voltaire, he was a French writer during the Enlightenment period and had many different works and was published in almost every literary form. He wrote against the social structures in France, main ly the Catholic Church and institutions of the day. His ideology of free thought was that it should be allowed everywhere and should not be stopped by people who thought their ideas were better. He mainly saw different religious and political organizations as the enforcement of stopping peoples thoughts and he wanted to this change. He went about changing the way publishing was censored through many different literary forms. Likewise, Confucius brought in a new era of thought. He preached that people lacked discipline in their life and moved to change this in various ways. He showed his ways of thinking in the ways he led his life and showed people around him a great deal of respect even though he was in a higher class family, and this was massively unheard of during the culture at this era of time. He also wanted to change how people thought of others, instead of viewing each other as objects and holding certain rankings to individual classes of people; he sought to make everyone equal in the sense of thinking along the same lines of duty and respect. Confucius also wanted to change the way people viewed themselves, he wanted people to view themselves as more of

E Commerce Vs. Electronic Commerce - 1527 Words

There are plenty of ways to define the definition of E-commerce. For example, according to the Oxford Dictionary, E-commerce or electronic commerce is the commercial transaction that conducted electronically on the Internet. Some people define E-commerce as the processes of buying, selling, or exchanging products, services, and information by using the computer network technology such as the Internet. E-commerce does not only provide the function of buying and selling goods and services online via digital mediums such as Internet, but the function facilitating the entire purchasing and selling processes for both sellers and buyers (JENNEX, AMOROSO and ADELAKUN, 2004). The website INVESTOPEDIA.com stated that E-commerce is one type of the†¦show more content†¦E-commerce has built a nearly perfect market because immediate and people are able to compare the offerings from numerous sellers worldwide. 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Review Of The Movie Contemporary Japanese Cinema

In contemporary Japanese cinema, a common theme that is portrayed is that of the failing family. Films with this theme show families that do not fit the ideal family image and are instead riddled with issues and problems that conflict that prevent the families from being whole and can lead to the separation and breakage of them. One film that has aspects of the failing family theme is Ringu (1998) directed by Hideo Nakata; a film about a tape that curses and kills the viewer in seven days after watching which prompts the lead character, Reiko Asakawa, to stop the curse. The failing family theme is expressed through two different families, Reiko’s family and Sadako’s family, which both show, in different ways, the failings of their respective families and what those themes convey in their depiction. These families show together how the failings and problems they have impact the family members in negative ways. Reiko’s family is one example of the failing family theme in Ringu. 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Amtrak Train Derailment Free Essays

Who are the stakeholders in this case? The stakeholders in this case are the passengers, crew and their families, aboard the Amtrak train that derailed. They are also the corporate investors who hold stock in Amtrak and all Amtrak employees who have invested their time in employment with the organization. They could easily lose their jobs if a major layoff occurred or the organization filed for bankruptcy due to the millions they would be required to pay in damages. We will write a custom essay sample on Amtrak Train Derailment or any similar topic only for you Order Now Stakeholders are the members of the Mobile, Alabama community who either witnessed or heard about the disaster and who may have lost trust in this railway system. The crew and captain of the tug boat which ran its barges into the framework of the bridge are also stakeholders, along with the owners and investors of the transport company in which they were employed. The emergency workers, the agencies such as NTSB, the Alabama Emergency Response Network and the U. S. Coast Guard are stakeholders as well. What are the interests of the stakeholders? Investors in the transport company, CSX and Amtrak stand to lose money as such disasters can lead to public distrust and subsequent falling stock prices. They must answer to the public as to why emergency signals were not designed on the bridge. Families have lost loved ones as passengers or crew members that they cannot bring back. Crew members that lived must deal with feelings of guilt for not being able to do more and not being aware of exactly what had happened. They will also have to face many questions from agencies investigating the disaster and will face stressful situations, possibly for years to come. Their careers and way of earning a living may also be in jeopardy due to the effects of this disaster. Crew and families of the tug boat crews must face feelings of guilt and shame. What is this corporation’s social corporate responsibility in this case for the four areas of corporate social responsibility? †¢Legal Social Responsibility With respect to the legal responsibility, both CSX who failed to provide a signal on the bridge and WGN, whose crew ran into and damaged the bridge, while displacing the track have a financial responsibility toward families whose loved ones made a living, whether crew or passengers. Amtrak also shares in this responsibility for not taking greater precautions, such as reduced speed, knowing that some bridges are not installed with emergency signals. There is also a financial burden to repair the damages to the bridge and CSX track by WGN, who initially caused the event that led to the derailment. According to Mallen Baker (2009), â€Å"CSR is about building relationships with customers, about attracting and retaining talented staff, about managing risk, and about assuring reputation. † In this instance, both CSX and WGN did a poor job of managing risk. WGN is responsible for not having staff with better training and navigation skills and CSX for ignoring recommendations to install emergency signals on the bridge. †¢Economic Social Responsibility CSX, Amtrak and NTSB have economic social responsibility in reducing the risk of injury or loss of life due to such incidents, which has a huge financial impact on the families of passengers and crew. WGN shares in this responsibility as well. Though CSX did not install emergency signals, the NTSB should provide greater oversight to ensure such precautions are taken. WGN should be aware of the problems that can occur when a large vessel runs into various structures and should help in repairing the emotional and financial lives of the victims of the accident. Both CSX/Amtrak and WGN have an economic responsibility to the shareholders of their respective corporations, to ensure that business processed provide the smoothest possible operations, for best possible returns on investments. When disasters such as this one occur, investors stand to lose substantial financial gains. †¢Ethical Social Responsibility All agencies and companies involved have an ethical responsibility to make sure that various forms of travel or transport they oversee or are involved in are as safe as possible for their crews and passengers. Ignoring recommendations such as CSX did, in not installing the emergency signal due to cost is an example of social irresponsibility (Eisenbeis, et al, nd). Amtrak could have better communications and emergency systems aboard the trains and passenger cars, to alert the entire crew of emergencies. Though this may not be an issue of irresponsibility, it has implications for future rail travel. WGN has an ethical responsibility to ensure that vessel crews are trained and updated on navigation techniques, so that injury to innocent bystanders does not occur. They also have an ethical responsibility to have proper navigation systems on board the vessels. †¢Philanthropic Social Responsibility Travel and transport organizations do not have a specific responsibility to become involved in philanthropic activities, though they should at least insure that the communities in which they travel through are not adversely affected either economically or environmentally, as a result of their travels. They could take measures to provide incentives for jobs and training for jobs of those in the communities in which they travel through, as taxpayers of those communities share the burden of building bridges and roads. Because the organizations also contribute to introducing carbon emissions into the environment, they should work with and offer some financial support to organizations that help monitor and provide solutions for carbon emissions. Conclusion and Recommendation I believe better communication by all parties involved would have reduced injuries. Amtrak should have had regulations in place for speed during weather conditions and safety devices for the rail in front of them could have avoided a lot of the accident. Having markers in place for emergency response units, would have allowed them to give a more specific place of the wreck. When people’s lives are at stake all ethical issues and laws should be put in full swing. Common sense would have prevented all of this. Large corporations such as Amtrak should have trained employees and safety standards in place. How to cite Amtrak Train Derailment, Papers

Reflective Writing on Workplace Diversity †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Reflective Writing on Workplace Diversity. Answer: Introduction: The workplace diversity denotes the differences between the people, process and the organization. The diversity in the workplace is capable of emerging conflicts and challenges for the employees as well as for the organization. As per my understanding from practical experiences and the reading of the various articles, I realized that the workplace diversity is one of the major and deep issues even in todays era. To discuss the entire concept and are of the workplace diversity, I will first discuss the position of the women in the workplace, especially the women leaders and the challenges they are facing everyday in their workplace. However, the government and the media are consistently telling and convincing people that the women and the men are equal in every respect of life including their professional area, but I have no doubt that the women are still encountering several serious challenges within their workplace on a regular basis. Anyone can find number of case studies depicting the miserable condition of the women in the workplace. Based on my experience on this particulate issue, I have chosen to write on this topic. As opined by Joan Acker (2012) regarding the gender diversity within the workplace that the women are facing various kinds of challenges in the professional life. In addition, the job facilities are also different from the men employees in the organization. While taking i nterview of the woman politician Jacinda Ardern on 95B FM, she told me that the within the 24 hours of the announcement of her being the Labour Party leader, she was asked if she wanted to have children after being the leader. I personally feel that these questions are inappropriate in todays era. I mean what is the connection between the personal and professional life of a woman? And if the professional life proposes any impact on the personal and family life of a woman then why is it not applicable for the men? Is this the progression and development we made for the women? I know these questions will raise another debate and arguments within the critics and the scholars and there will be many people who will prove me wrong with their vague logics. So other day I was having a chat with my friend who works in a renowned multinational company, but her situation is similar to the other working women. She said that the wages of the women employees in her workplace were less than the other men employees. In addition, there were other illogical rules and regulation for the women. It the other hand, my friend and other female employees in the organization were the victim of the bully of the male employees in the origination. I was seriously shocked to hear from her that she was not promoted for being woman despite having all the eligibilities and qualities for the promotional position. She said that when she asked the management that what were are drawbacks that pulled her back from not being promoted, she was provide with a list of reasons such as women judge and manage everything driven by their emotions, they prioritize their family and not work and so others. I strongly feel that this classification and diversification of the work based on gender is disappointing and insulting for the women. I would like to refer the answer of Katherine Ravenswood from the Gender and Diversity Research Group while she was asked about the prevalence of the challenges of the women in the workplace (Aut.ac.nz, 2017). She said that it has nothing to do for women leaders with having children. She also stated that it is entirely the choice of the women to have children or not while being a leader and it is not that the women cannot lead her team just because she has children. Katherine said that there are many women leaders who have children and successfully leading the teams. Based on my experience and feelings I have summed up few reasons for the challenges that are predominant in the workplace for women. Firstly, there works an ego in the men for the women leaders (Madsen, 2012). We must remember that we still live in a society that is run and dominated by the male. Therefore, they consistently try to remind us this particular fact by creating new challenges for the women leaders. Another possible reason is that men are afraid of losing their position and dignity in the eyes of the people and hence they oppose the idea of women being leaders (Klarsfeld et al., 2014). Secondly, women have been visualized as the homemaker by the society from the ancient age; therefore the idea of leadership by women will take time to be accepted by the people. Thirdly, the women are themselves responsible for being the victims of the diversity practices and challenges. I strongly feel suggest the other women to raise their voice against the gender discrimination in the wo rkplace. However, there are little progress in this respect and the government, non government organizations, social media campaigning are taking serious steps regarding these issues, but New Zealand has to go long way in women leadership. There are many women in New Zealand who are fighting an invisible battle everyday in their workplace (Burke Mattis, 2013). In addition, the society also has to advance their thought regarding the women leadership. In order to discuss the workplace diversity, I must include the subject of racial diversity. No doubt, even in the 21st century the racism is still one of the predominant issues in the in the society, and the organizations is no exception. In fact, I personally think that the racial diversity is practices mostly in the workplace and dark skin color make the people victim of the practice. However, I must also include the ethnicity, power and the systematic racism and the differences among them. In addition, I would also like to discuss about privilege of the same. For the understanding of the topic, I must differentiate between the conception of the race and the ethnicity. The race refers to the physical characteristics of the people including the skin color to the facial structure. In the other hand, the ethnicity denotes the identities of the people which is signified by the language, dress, customs, nationality, religion and other factors. The racial identity of the people is basic ally inherited genetically, whereas the ethnicity comes from the circumstantial perspective of the people. However, in this section of my writing I am going to discuss about the systematic privilege of the people inherited by the race. From deep inspection and the everyday experience on the esteemed topic, I have found out that the white people usually receive the systematic advantages due to the their skin color that determines their race. On the other hand, the while women are also becomes the victim of the cross race relationship in terms of the unproblematic solidarity (Swan, 2017). The idea of the race has therefore become little confusing to me. In the article on this topic, Geiger and Jordan (2014) opine that the desire for the unproblematic solidarity of the while women creates obstacles in their cross race relationship. I personally feel that the white women are suffering from the ego as they find that black women are dominating any organization with the potential of being the leaders of the same. This is of course an indication to the workplace diversity. I have observed another habits in the while people that they try to dominate the world by imposing their point of view to be universal. I am certainly n ot being partial to the people of color, rather I am just sharing my own opinion based on my observation and feeling on the systematic privilege out of the racial distinction. Along with this, I believe that the respect to the own ethnic cultural values is also responsible for creating diversity in the cross race relationship irrespective of the nature of the same (Gaddis, 2012). I would like to present an example of the Maori people, especially the women in the workplace. There is no doubt that New Zealand has progressed in its way of accepting the diversity and valuing the morale of other people. But the Maori people of New Zealand are everyday facing obstacles for their ethnicity. My liberal thinking has forced me to raise the questions that what the ethnicity has to do with the professional achievement of a woman? Initially I did not realize that the seed of the racial distinction is ploughed deeply in the society. Every other Maori woman has been victim of the racism at any point of their life. It is the trend of the society to dominate and bully the minority people somehow or other. Like the other European women of New Zealand, the Maori women have also advanced in terms of education and have acquired remarkable position in the professional context. But I feel that the society still is not ready to accept the advancement of the women from an ethnic grou p. Therefore, they are the receiver of the systematic advantages. Apart from that, the racial diversity is one of the less discussed but more practiced topics in todays society, which I feel only be resolved by te elimination of the sense of racial power. Religious diversity is another burning topic while discussing the workplace diversity. There exist more than one religious people in a workplace, especially in the multinational companies. The co-existence of the various religious in the workplace is definitely capable of creating conflicts in the mind of the people. The religious diversity also refers to the treatment of the by the management and the employees towards the employee from diverse religions (McKim, 2015). However, I am writing this piece of writing on the workplace diversity and will present my personal and professional experience regarding the topic. So, according to my opinion and experience on the religious diversity, the management of the different religious practices in the workplace is most important to avoid any kind of conflicts and issues that can affect the usual workflow. For a country like New Zealand there are diverse kind people living and working in various professions. Therefore, the religious diversity is one of the common issues in the workplace (Workresearch.aut.ac.nz 2017). I found out that the religious diversity is the capable of disrupting the human rights in the workplace and that this issue has become a taboo for the society. In addition, every religion is somehow or other is becoming the victim of the diversity issues in the workplace for its practice. Other day one of my Muslim colleagues faced religious pluralism in our workplace. He was questioned for performing his daily prayer rituals within the workplace. I understand that every region has its own practice and beliefs that is different from other religions. But I really dont understand the point of bullying or making fun of that by the people. I mean why someone disrespects the religious practice of others if that are different from others? And what fun does it make from being dif ferent from the other religions? However, for the protection of the human rights and the avoiding the conflicts regarding the religious issue within the workplace, the New Zealand government has passed an act in the year 2002. The purpose of the act is to prohibit the discriminations of on several specific grounds. The ethical beliefs and the religious beliefs are included in the act terms of prohibiting discrimination in any circumstances (Religious Diversity in the New Zealand Workplace 2011). I personally find the act very useful and necessary for any nations having diverse religious practices. On the other hand, I feel that the religious diversity has a strong and deep connection with the cultural diversity. I feel this way because the culture is a part of the religion and vice versa. The cultural practices are based on the religious practices of the people. I have seen, experienced and heard of many cultural diversity issues in the workplace that are prevalent even in 2017. My writing is focused on the role of the managers in taking care of the religious diversity in the workplace. Gelb and Longrace (2012) stated that the managers of the organizations cannot ignore the issues related to the religious diversity. In addition, they also stated that the federal law protects the common and general rights of the employees. But the violation of the laws is still practiced in many organizations. However, I found out that the organizations that follow the rules and regulations regarding the religious diversity; have some benefits out of the same. In accordance to my opinion about the religious diversity, having diverse culture in the workplace need to be managed efficiently which can lead the organizations to have rich organizational culture in the workplace. For example, once I visited the office where my father worked on the annual family meeting. There I found out that the managers of the company are liberal about the religions diversity and respect the beliefs and practice of the every employee having different religion. Also my father told me that he never had seen any conflicts in his workplace that had emerged from the religious issues. Later I realized that the proper management of the organization regarding the religious diversity within the workplace is the reason behind having peaceful co existence of the diverse religion in the same. Therefore, I feel that the proper management of the religious matter and diversity I the workplace is needed in every organization. Baseed on my personal experience I recommend to the managerial persons of the organi zation to consider the practice of the religious diversity for some specific and certain cases and follow the laws regarding the same for avoiding any conflicts among the employees and ensure the peaceful co existence of the employees belonging to different religions. I will conclude my discussion on this topic by saying that religion is one of the major and important aspects of workplace diversity that needs to be considered with proper attention and importance. I feel that lack of understanding of the necessity of the management of the diversity issues regarding the religious practices in the workplace can result into bigger problem for the organizations. In addition, I also feel that there is room for improvement in the management structure of the organizations of New Zealand in terms of following the laws concerning about the religious diversity within the workplace. I hope and believe that the day not far when every religion can perform their practice without being bullied and questioned. Along with this, I also strongly hope for the elimination of the harassment of the people within the workplace in terms of discrimination based on the ground of religions. The mental health refers to the emotional, social and psychological well being which make us capable of enjoying life (World Health Organization, 2014). The mental health of person signifies how happy he is in his life. I will not say that mental health is entirely an aspect of the workplace diversity; rather I will say that mental health of a person to certain extent is based and depended on his workplace. I believe that the mental health of people indicates the level of well being. Therefore, the mental health of most of the people in a county indicates psychological advancement of the country as a whole. I believe that it is not only the workplace that is responsible for influencing the mental health of the employees, but also I feel that the personal lives of the employees have great impact on the mental health. I have come to this decision after my own experience and research on the topic. So two years back I had some family problem which severely affected my mental health. In addition, I also faced some professional issue during the same time. As a result I found myself in utter distress and neither could I focus on my work nor on my family. Therefore, I realized both the professional and the personal life are capable of affecting the mental health of the person. I would like to refer here another instance that is one of the burning topics in todays era and that is the transgender. We all know that transgender issue is one of the major discussed topics in all the countries. However, I am not talking about the government laws regarding acceptability of the transgender issues in the society. I want to highlight the mental health of the transgender and how the same is influenced and affected in the workplace (Kerekere, 2015). The identity of the transgender raise questions in the mind of the people. I have seen many people in my workplace asking silly and disappointing questions to the transgender people and I am sure it hurt them a lot. This is the colleagues with whom the transgender people are working every day, are affecting the manta health of them. In the other hand, the diversity within the workplace around race, gender, religion and others can also be the cause for disrupted mental health. Any kind of discrimination in the workplace is capable of affecting the mental health of the people and that can sometime result into serious issues. In addition, there can be people among the employees who are not mentally stable and are suffering from the some kind of mental illness. These people need to be treated in a proper and delicate way. Therefore, I believe that every organization must take care of the mental health of the employees in order to maintain the usual workflow within the workplace. I strongly believe that the role of the employers is an important factor in influencing the mental health of the employees. I am certain that every sensible people will agree with me that the mental health of the staffs is capable of influencing the usual workflow of the organization. Hence, the employers must ensure that the employees of the organizations are having proper and healthy mental condition, and if not the employers must investigate the reasons and resolve the issues. In regard to this, I will recommend that the employers must keep an eye on the behaviors as well as on their performance in order to understand the mental health of the employees. I addition, it also comes udder the duty of the employers to support the staff who is having any kind of mental illness. Along with this, I feel the employers must implement rules and laws in the organization to stop harassment and bullying of the transgender employee as well as to eliminate any kind of discrimination which is capa ble of hampering the mental health of the people. However, while researching on the topic of the mental health, I found out that there is a foundation in New Zealand that supports the people to have a healthy mental condition. This charitable foundation works for the creation of the discrimination free society which can result into the wellbeing of the same both individually and as whole (Mentalhealth.org.nz, 2015). While surfing through the website of the foundation, I found it very interesting that the foundation has given five easy ways to the wellbeing of the people. It says that gives your time, words and presence to others, take notice of the simple thing that you enjoy, be active in your work and move your mood, connect to the as many people you can and finally keep learning from the every aspect of life. I personally find it very interesting and follow the same. Therefore, I would like to conclude by saying that it is within the heart and mind of the people that can ensure t he wellbeing of the same. Conclusion: However, I would like to conclude my discourse on the workplace diversity by saying that the reformation of the society is in the hand of the mass and that we are the savior of ourselves. I hope the rapid modernization of the society will definitely eliminate the racial, cultural, gender and religious diversity from the workplace. Reference: Acker, J. (2012). Gendered organizations and intersectionality: Problems and possibilities.Equality, Diversity and Inclusion: An International Journal,31(3), 214-224. Aut.ac.nz. (2017).Gender Diversity Research - AUT.Aut.ac.nz. Retrieved 20 October 2017, from https://www.aut.ac.nz/study-at-aut/study-areas/business/research/research-centres/gd Burke, R. J., Mattis, M. C. (Eds.). (2013).Women on corporate boards of directors: International challenges and opportunities(Vol. 14). Springer Science Business Media. Gaddis, S. M. (2012). What's in a relationship? An examination of social capital, race and class in mentoring relationships.Social Forces,90(4), 1237-1269. Gelb, B. D., Longacre, T. E. (2012). Acknowledging religious diversity: Opportunities and challenges.Business horizons,55(5), 509-518. Karen A. Geiger, Cheryl Jordan, (2014) "The role of societal privilege in the definitions and practices of inclusion", Equality, Diversity and Inclusion: An International Journal, Vol. 33 Issue: 3, pp.261-274. Kerekere, Elizabeth (2015) Takat?pui: Part of the Wh?nau. Auckland: T?whanawhana Trust and Mental Health Foundation Klarsfeld, A., Booysen, L. A., Ng, E., Roper, I., Tatli, A. (Eds.). (2014).9.78 E+ 12: Country Perspectives on Diversity and Equal Treatment. Edward Elgar Publishing. Madsen, S. R. (2012). Women and leadership in higher education: Current realities, challenges, and future directions.Advances in Developing Human Resources,14(2), 131-139. McKim, R. (2015).Religious ambiguity and religious diversity. Oxford University Press. Mentalhealth.org.nz. (2015).WHAT WORKS.Mentalhealth.org.nz. Retrieved 20 October 2017, from https://www.mentalhealth.org.nz/assets/ResourceFinder/What-Works-web-2015.pdf Religious Diversity in the New Zealand Workplace. (2011).Hrc.co.nz. Retrieved 20 October 2017, from https://www.hrc.co.nz/files/6014/2388/1002/HRC_Religious-DiversityV6.pdf Swan, E. (2017). What are White People to Do? Listening, Challenging Ignorance, Generous Encounters and the Not Yetas Diversity Research Praxis.Gender, Work Organization. Workresearch.aut.ac.nz. (2017).RELIGIOUS DIVERSITY IN NEW ZEALAND WORKPLACES.Workresearch.aut.ac.nz. Retrieved 20 October 2017, from https://workresearch.aut.ac.nz/__data/assets/pdf_file/0018/56223/Religious-Diversity-in-NZ-Workplaces.pdf World Health Organization. (2014).Social determinants of mental health. World Health Organization.